A somewhat longer post than usual. I prepared this originally for publication on SouthEndSeattle.com.
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The old church, St. Boniface, appears in this circa-1915 sketch prepared by Nellie Roe, Master’s candidate at the University of Washington, for her thesis “The Italian Immigrant in Seattle,” University of Washington, Special Collections.
Her caption reads: "The Catholic Church and School on 29th Ave. So where 102 Italian children attend."
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HERE IS THE CHURCH
It
started with a small wooden church on a hill between the Rainier Valley and
Seattle’s Central District named for the patron saint of Germany. St. Boniface
was built, probably sometime in the 1890s, by and for German Catholic
immigrants to the city who hoped to worship in their own language.
Information
on the little German church is scarce. The 1901 and 1902 Seattle Polk
Directories list St. Bonifacius, German Roman Catholic” at 28th
South and Massachusetts, along with the words “no services.” Later additions of
the directory make no mention of the church at all. The 1912 Baist Map show the
church alone on the hillside except for a small house immediately to the north.
Anecdotal evidence indicates that a succession of caretaker families lived in
the basement of the church, some German-speaking, some Italian.
THE ITALIAN TRANSFORMATION
By 1910
the area surrounding St. Boniface was made up largely of Italian immigrant
families -- so much so that the area was
nicknamed “Garlic Gulch” -- and thus the
little church was the natural choice for an Italian parish. Seattle Bishop
O’Dea called on the Jesuits to minister to the growing Italian community in the
city. On September 10, 2011 Fr. DeRop, S.J. said the first mass in Italian at
the church. The diary of the Jesuit order notes that two weeks later Fr. DeRop
took “some of our old pews” to the new Italian church. About this time the
church’s name was changed to Our Lady of Monte Virgene, after a well-known
church in Caserta, Italy. A sketch rendered by Univeristy of Washington
graduate student Nellie Roe in 1914 depicts the church and school surrounded by
a fenced garden. The caption states that “102 Italian children” attend the
school.
In 1913 Fr. Lodovico Caramello arrived to take over for the ailing Fr. De Rop and immediately began to fast track plans for a new, grander edifice in the Florentine style of his homeland. The fruition of this project in 1915 is credited largely to Fr. Caramello’s commanding personality and his contacts in his native Italy.
The
Italians built their church just to the west of, and back-to-back with, the old
German church. The 1916 Sanborn map shows “Mt. Virgin R.C. Church” almost
touching the “Old Church.” The small house is labeled “School,” although it was
also the parish rectory. With the tower removed, St. Boniface became the parish
hall and later served in a number of capacities, including as a gym,
kindergarten, and workshop, before ultimately being torn down about 1970. Army
surplus buildings, placed on the church property in the 1940s, became the Mount
Virgin School where local children received instruction from Irish Dominican
nuns and sometimes from the priests themselves.
For
several decades, Mount Virgin and Father Caramello were the heart of the
Italian community in Seattle. Long-time resident Ralph Vacca recalled:
The
church in the Italian community, at least in that generation, was the center.
And Father Caramello was God in America. You could take a string or measuring
stick and go out whatever distance from Mount Virgin Church and there would be
a lot of Italian names and families.
Vincent
LaSalle spoke of the Italian culture that defined the church:
I was
raised in the Catholic school with the Dominican nuns, Mount Virgin, the little
Italian parish. And I became an altar boy when I was only in about the fourth
grade and Father Caramello says he’s “gonna make an altar boy out of me.” So I
became an altar boy; I was number one! And you never seen anything like it –
such beautiful boys! You know the altar boys at the end of the year, they used
to have a great big party, you know, all the Italian kids. They were all
Italian, all of them.
To this
day Our Lady of Mount Virgin is designated as a “national parish,” one without
traditional geographic boundaries. Specifically it was, and is, an “Italian
National Parish,” one of several in the country created to serve a specific
immigrant community.
OPENING THE DOORS
In the
last decades of the 20th century, the Italian population in Garlic
Gulch began to disperse, pushed out by the I-90/Mount Baker tunnel projects and
changing demographics. Many Italian-Americans had already moved out to the
suburbs by the time the second major freeway expansion began in 1979.
Attendance at mass dwindled steadily and there were fears the church might
close altogether. However, in that same year the first of several waves of
Laotian Catholic refugees arrived in the Rainier Valley. Assisted by an Italian
Catholic group working with the tribal people of Laos, these refugees were adopted
into the parish, bringing new life to the little church.
Mount
Virgin also has a special relationship with Native American Catholics in
Seattle. For a number of years the parish offered a special mass for Native
Americans. Today it continues to offer a meeting place for the Kateri Circle
and a home for a parochial vicar for the Native American community.
Today
Mount Virgin offers a weekly mass for the Laotian community, as well as a mass
for ethnic Chinese, spoken in both Mandarin and Cantonese. A Lao and a Chinese
deacon are in residence, assisting Fr. Clarence Jones. The early 8:00 a.m.
mass, however, is the province of “a faithful remnant” of Italian families from
the neighborhood, in the words of Fr. Jones.
Although
the school attached to the church closed its doors in 1978 after being open
continuously since 1911, the classrooms find use as a private pre-school and
for many community functions.
HOPE FOR THE FUTURE
In 2008
a group of sixth graders from The New School toured Mount Virgin and reported
on their experience. Several wrote about Fr. Jones’ vision for the parish:
What the priest of Mt. Virgin wants
for the future is for the church to be more diverse. Even though they accept
everyone, they have different service times for different ethnics/languages. --
B.J.
I thought the priest was going to say
something like “I hope more people come to church.” What he said was kind of
like that, he wishes to have more nationalities at church. There is Italian,
Chinese and white people; he would still like more though.—Asia
Things
have changed for Mount Virgin, but there is hope for the future as the church
embraces the Catholic tradition of “adopting and adapting” to new circumstances
and cultures.
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Information
for this story was drawn from the archives of the Seattle Archdiocese, Special
Collections at the University of Washington, and oral histories collected by
the Rainier Valley Historical Society, as well as the project “Bringing World
Religion Home,” conducted by Mikala Woodward for the Rainier Valley Historical
Society and The New School and funded by King County 4Culture.
The "new" church today: Our Lady of Mount Virgin. Photo, Alan Humphrey.
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